The Muon Experiment:
Evidence: Muons are observed on the surface of the Earth.
Inference: Time dilation and Length contraction has taken place because the Muons would otherwise decay only after 1 kilometre.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Sunday, March 27, 2011
H4
The Twin Paradox:
There are 2 identical twins named Anantha and Ahtnana.
Anantha sees Ahtnana's clock tick more slowly than her own, so he things that Ahtnana is ageing more slowly than Ahtnana is. Anantha therefore expects that when Ahtnana returns,Ahtnana will be the younger.
Ahtnana sees Anantha's clock tick more slowly than her own so thinks a is aging more slowly. B therefore expects that Anantha will be younger when he returns.
The Paradox is that they cannot both be the younger one out of the two.
So who is actually the youngest?
Since Ahtnana had to accelerate when he started, when he turned around to come home, and when she stopped at the end. Ahtnana is therefore in a non-inertial frame of reference, so the problem can't be solved with special relativity. General Relativity shows that during acceleration, clocks also tick slowly so B will in fact be the younger out of the 2.
What was Developed to satisfy the Twin Paradox?
The General Theory of Relativity was invented and it satisfied the Paradox as the General Theory took non-inertial frames of reference into account and is able to deal with them.
Hafele-Keating Experiment:
Question 7,8 and 9:
There are 2 identical twins named Anantha and Ahtnana.
Anantha sees Ahtnana's clock tick more slowly than her own, so he things that Ahtnana is ageing more slowly than Ahtnana is. Anantha therefore expects that when Ahtnana returns,Ahtnana will be the younger.
Ahtnana sees Anantha's clock tick more slowly than her own so thinks a is aging more slowly. B therefore expects that Anantha will be younger when he returns.
The Paradox is that they cannot both be the younger one out of the two.
So who is actually the youngest?
Since Ahtnana had to accelerate when he started, when he turned around to come home, and when she stopped at the end. Ahtnana is therefore in a non-inertial frame of reference, so the problem can't be solved with special relativity. General Relativity shows that during acceleration, clocks also tick slowly so B will in fact be the younger out of the 2.
What was Developed to satisfy the Twin Paradox?
The General Theory of Relativity was invented and it satisfied the Paradox as the General Theory took non-inertial frames of reference into account and is able to deal with them.
Hafele-Keating Experiment:
Question 7,8 and 9:
Monday, March 21, 2011
H3
H 3.1
Light Clock:
Describe the observations either Jack and Jill or observer A and B:
Observer A and B both have light clocks that time 1 nanosecond for every time light reflects through a cycle.
But observer B is inside a glass carriage travelling at velocity v relative to observer A. Because the carriage is moving relative to observer A, the distance travelled is greater, but the speed of light is still c (the same in all inertial frames).
Therefore the time between the light leaving the lower surface and returning must now be greater than a nanosecond.
Define Light clock:
A light clock is a clock in which a pulse of light is sent and reflected off glass and returns to the point the pulse was given from.
Lorenz Factor Graph:
Light Clock:
Describe the observations either Jack and Jill or observer A and B:
Observer A and B both have light clocks that time 1 nanosecond for every time light reflects through a cycle.
But observer B is inside a glass carriage travelling at velocity v relative to observer A. Because the carriage is moving relative to observer A, the distance travelled is greater, but the speed of light is still c (the same in all inertial frames).
Therefore the time between the light leaving the lower surface and returning must now be greater than a nanosecond.
Define Light clock:
A light clock is a clock in which a pulse of light is sent and reflected off glass and returns to the point the pulse was given from.
Lorenz Factor Graph:
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Relativity
Define a frame of reference:
A frame of reference is a system of coordinates that enables the position of various objects to be specified.
Define Galilean transformation:
Galilean transformation are made under the assumptions that time measurement (and space measurements) are independent of the observer.
G3 Questions:
a) A Galilean transformation are made under the assumptions that time measurement (and space measurements) are independent of the observer.
b) i) 1.96c
G1 Questions:
a) 1.90c
E 6.4 - E 6.7
E 6.4
State Hubble's law
V = Ho d
E 6.5
Discuss the limitations of Hubble's law:
Hubble's law predicts that the recessional velocity of the galaxy will be Hx. the assumption is that the universe is travelling at this constant speed since the beginning of the Universe. However, the gravitational attraction between galaxies means that the speed of recession decreases cosntantly. The fact that we assume that the recession velocity is constant, is a limitation of Hubble's law. Also, the data points in the graph below are scattered around the trend line thus showing that there are quite big random errors in the measurements.
State Hubble's law
V = Ho d
E 6.5
Discuss the limitations of Hubble's law:
Hubble's law predicts that the recessional velocity of the galaxy will be Hx. the assumption is that the universe is travelling at this constant speed since the beginning of the Universe. However, the gravitational attraction between galaxies means that the speed of recession decreases cosntantly. The fact that we assume that the recession velocity is constant, is a limitation of Hubble's law. Also, the data points in the graph below are scattered around the trend line thus showing that there are quite big random errors in the measurements.
Monday, March 14, 2011
E6
E 6.1
Describe the distribution of galaxies in the universe
Define the term galactic cluster:
Describe the distribution of galaxies in the universe
Define the term galactic cluster:
- A cluster of roughly a few hundred young stars in a loose distribution. Also called an open cluster. Source: Encyclopaedia.com
Define the term galactic super-cluster:
- Superclusters are large groups of smaller galaxy groups and clusters and are among the largest structures of the cosmos. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_supercluster
Source: http://www.dragonslain.com/large_clusters.gif
E6.2
Explain the red-shift of light from different galaxies
Why are galaxies that are the furthest away red-shifted the most? :
- Because the universe is constantly expanding the the galaxies which are on the outer part of the big bang are moving away from the centre the fastest.
Sunday, March 13, 2011
12.3
Outline the reasons for power losses in transmission lines and real transformers
Resistance of a transformer result in the transformer heating up.
Eddy currents. The currents can be reduced by laminating the core into individually electrically insulated thin strips.
Hysteresis losses causes the iron core to warm up due to the continued cycle of changes to its magnetism.
Flux losses are caused by magnetic leakage. A transformer is only 100% efficient if all of the magnetic flux that is produced by the primary links with the secondary.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)