13.2.1 - 13.2.2

13.2.1:
Explain how the radii of nuclei may be estimated from charged particle scattering experiments:


In charged particle scattering experiments, the particle that is repelled straight back will be at rest for a very short amount of time before it changes direction and travels back to where it came from. Rutherford proposed that this piece of information can be used to calculate and find the approximate size of the nucleus. This is because at that point in time where the particle is at rest with a velocity of 0, its kinetic energy will be exactly balanced out by its 
electrical potential energy due to the electrostatic force which repels the nuclei.


13.2.2: 
Describe how the masses of nuclei may be determined using a Bainbridge mass spectrometer:

A magnetic field is used to deflect the ions of a substance. If the ions have the same charge they will have the same velocity. The radius of their circular path however depends on how heavy that particular ion is. A larger mass ion will travel a larger distance (larger circle radius). Therefore, the masses of nuclei may be determined using a Bainbridge mass spectrometer.